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Part Used : น้ำมันหอมระเหยActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : Tea tree oilType of experiment : in vitroType of animal : -Type of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : -Dose/Conc.(herb) : The essential oils at starting stock concentrations of 128 mg/ml in acetone were combined with ciprofloxacin or amphotericin at a starting stock concentration of 0.01 mg/ml in nine different ratios i.e. 9 : 1; 8 : 2; 7 : 3; 6 : 4; 5 : 5; 4 : 6; 3 : 7; 2 : 8 and 1 : 9.Duration : -Type of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : CiprofloxacinDose/Conc.(drug) : The essential oils at starting stock concentrations of 128 mg/ml in acetone were combined with ciprofloxacin or amphotericin at a starting stock concentration of 0.01 mg/ml in nine different ratios i.e. 9 : 1; 8 : 2; 7 : 3; 6 : 4; 5 : 5; 4 : 6; 3 : 7; 2 : 8 and 1 : 9.Result : PositiveRemark : When M. alternifolia oil is combined with ciprofloxacin and tested against S. aureus, antagonism was noted for all ratios. However only five antagonistic ratios were noted for S. aureus (ratios 9:1, 8:2, 6:4 and 5:5) and three antagonistic ratios (9:1, 8:2 and 1:9) for K. pneumoniae.
Part Used : น้ำมันหอมระเหยActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : Tea tree oilType of experiment : in vitroType of animal : -Type of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : -Dose/Conc.(herb) : The essential oils at starting stock concentrations of 128 mg/ml in acetone were combined with ciprofloxacin or amphotericin at a starting stock concentration of 0.01 mg/ml in nine different ratios i.e. 9 : 1; 8 : 2; 7 : 3; 6 : 4; 5 : 5; 4 : 6; 3 : 7; 2 : 8 and 1 : 9.Duration : -Type of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : Amphotericin BDose/Conc.(drug) : The essential oils at starting stock concentrations of 128 mg/ml in acetone were combined with ciprofloxacin or amphotericin at a starting stock concentration of 0.01 mg/ml in nine different ratios i.e. 9 : 1; 8 : 2; 7 : 3; 6 : 4; 5 : 5; 4 : 6; 3 : 7; 2 : 8 and 1 : 9.Result : PositiveRemark : Amphotericin B in combination with M. alternifolia oil show a predominantly antagonistic profile against C. albicans only two ratios (6 : 4, fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) 0.93) and (1 : 9, FIC 0.95) having a slight synergistic effect.
Part Used : ใบActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : Essential oilType of experiment : in vitroType of animal : -Type of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : -Dose/Conc.(herb) : 25 microlitreDuration : 20 hoursType of interaction : PharmacodynamicsInteraction with drug : PiperacillinDose/Conc.(drug) : 25 microlitreResult : NegativeRemark : - MIC of one sample alone for piperacillin (microgram/ml) = 1024, for tea tree (%, v/v) = 1 - MIC of one sample of the most effective combination for piperacillin (microgram/ml) = 64, for tea tree (%, v/v) = 0.50 - FIC of antibiotic = 0.063 - FIC of oil = 0.5 - FICI = 0.56Note : The miniumum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the bacterial strains under study were determined by means or broth microdilution as stated in CLSI M07-A8. FIC = fraction inhibitory concentration. FICI = the combined effects of the antibiotics and essential oils were calculated and expressed in terms of FIC (FICI 0.5-4.0, no interaction; FICI > 4.0 antagonism).
Part Used : ใบActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : Essential oilType of experiment : in vitroType of animal : -Type of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : -Dose/Conc.(herb) : 25 microlitreDuration : 20 hoursType of interaction : PharmacodynamicsInteraction with drug : AmpicillinDose/Conc.(drug) : 25 microlitreResult : NegativeRemark : - MIC of one sample alone for ampicillin (microgram/ml) = 1024, for tea tree (%, v/v) = 1 - MIC of one sample of the most effective combination for ampicillin (microgram/ml) = 256, for tea tree (%, v/v) = 0.5 - FIC of antibiotic = 0.25 - FIC of oil = 0.5 - FICI = 0.75Note : The miniumum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the bacterial strains under study were determined by means or broth microdilution as stated in CLSI M07-A8. FIC = fraction inhibitory concentration. FICI = the combined effects of the antibiotics and essential oils were calculated and expressed in terms of FIC (FICI 0.5-4.0, no interaction; FICI > 4.0 antagonism).
Part Used : ใบActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : Essential oilType of experiment : in vitroType of animal : -Type of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : -Dose/Conc.(herb) : 25 microlitreDuration : 20 hoursType of interaction : PharmacodynamicsInteraction with drug : Carbenicillin*/CarindacillinDose/Conc.(drug) : 25 microlitreResult : NegativeRemark : - MIC of one sample alone for carbenicillin (microgram/ml) = 6250, for tea tree (%, v/v) = 1 - MIC of one sample of the most effective combination for carbenicillin (microgram/ml) = 391, for tea tree (%, v/v) = 0.5 - FIC of antibiotic = 0.063 - FIC of oil = 0.5 - FICI = 0.56Note : The miniumum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the bacterial strains under study were determined by means or broth microdilution as stated in CLSI M07-A8. FIC = fraction inhibitory concentration. FICI = the combined effects of the antibiotics and essential oils were calculated and expressed in terms of FIC (FICI 0.5-4.0, no interaction; FICI > 4.0 antagonism).
Part Used : ใบActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : Essential oilType of experiment : in vitroType of animal : -Type of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : -Dose/Conc.(herb) : 25 microlitreDuration : 20 hoursType of interaction : PharmacodynamicsInteraction with drug : CefazolinDose/Conc.(drug) : 25 microlitreResult : NegativeRemark : - MIC of one sample alone for cefazolin (microgram/ml) = 8, for tea tree (%, v/v) = 1 - MIC of one sample of the most effective combination for cefazolin (microgram/ml) = 8, for tea tree (%, v/v) = 0.50 - FIC of antibiotic = 1 - FIC of oil = 0.50 - FICI = 1.50Note : The miniumum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the bacterial strains under study were determined by means or broth microdilution as stated in CLSI M07-A8. FIC = fraction inhibitory concentration. FICI = the combined effects of the antibiotics and essential oils were calculated and expressed in terms of FIC (FICI 0.5-4.0, no interaction; FICI > 4.0 antagonism).
Part Used : ใบActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : Essential oilType of experiment : in vitroType of animal : -Type of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : -Dose/Conc.(herb) : 25 microlitreDuration : 20 hoursType of interaction : PharmacodynamicsInteraction with drug : CefuroximeDose/Conc.(drug) : 25 microlitreResult : NegativeRemark : - MIC of one sample alone for cefuroxime (microgram/ml) = 8, for tea tree (%, v/v) = 1 - MIC of one sample of the most effective combination for cefuroxime (microgram/ml) = 8, for tea tree (%, v/v) = 0.50 - FIC of antibiotic = 1 - FIC of oil = 0.50 - FICI = 1.50Note : The miniumum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the bacterial strains under study were determined by means or broth microdilution as stated in CLSI M07-A8. FIC = fraction inhibitory concentration. FICI = the combined effects of the antibiotics and essential oils were calculated and expressed in terms of FIC (FICI 0.5-4.0, no interaction; FICI > 4.0 antagonism).
Part Used : ใบActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : Essential oilType of experiment : in vitroType of animal : -Type of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : -Dose/Conc.(herb) : 25 microlitreDuration : 20 hoursType of interaction : PharmacodynamicsInteraction with drug : MeropenemDose/Conc.(drug) : 25 microlitreResult : NegativeRemark : - MIC of one sample alone for meropenem (microgram/ml) = 4, for tea tree (%, v/v) = 0.5 - MIC of one sample of the most effective combination for meropenem (microgram/ml) = 2, for tea tree (%, v/v) = 0.25 - FIC of antibiotic = 0.50 - FIC of oil = 0.50 - FICI = 1Note : The miniumum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the bacterial strains under study were determined by means or broth microdilution as stated in CLSI M07-A8. FIC = fraction inhibitory concentration. FICI = the combined effects of the antibiotics and essential oils were calculated and expressed in terms of FIC (FICI 0.5-4.0, no interaction; FICI > 4.0 antagonism).
Part Used : ใบActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : Essential oilType of experiment : in vitroType of animal : -Type of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : -Dose/Conc.(herb) : 25 microlitreDuration : 20 hoursType of interaction : PharmacodynamicsInteraction with drug : CeftazidimeDose/Conc.(drug) : 25 microlitreResult : NegativeRemark : - MIC of one sample alone for ceflazidime (microgram/ml) = 32, for tea tree (%, v/v) = 1 - MIC of one sample of the most effective combination for ceflazidime (microgram/ml) = 16, for tea tree (%, v/v) = 0.50 - FIC of antibiotic = 0.50 - FIC of oil = 0.50 - FICI = 1Note : The miniumum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the bacterial strains under study were determined by means or broth microdilution as stated in CLSI M07-A8. FIC = fraction inhibitory concentration. FICI = the combined effects of the antibiotics and essential oils were calculated and expressed in terms of FIC (FICI 0.5-4.0, no interaction; FICI > 4.0 antagonism).
