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Part Used : ไม่ระบุActivity : CYTOCHROME P-450 INHIBITIONSolvent/Active Compound : red ginseng saponins (ginsenosides-Rb1, -Rb2, -Rc, -Rd, -Re, -Rg1Type of experiment : in vitroType of animal : -Type of study : -N(Total) : NSN(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : -Dose/Conc.(herb) : Total saponin 0-1,250 mcg/mlDuration : -Type of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : -Dose/Conc.(drug) : -Result : PositiveRemark : Type of experiment: rat liver microsomes Result: The standardized saponin of red ginseng showed inhibitory effect on P450-associated monooxygenase activities in a dose-dependent manner in rat liver microsomes. When the total saponin was added into the reaction mixtures for assaying different kind of P450 isozyme-selective monooxygenase, the activities of EROD (P450 1A1-selective), BROD (2B1), ERDM (3A1), and APDM (relatively broader spectrum of isozyme selectivity) were clearly inhibited in rat liver microsomes. Meanwhile neither P450 1A2-selective MROD nor electron-transferring NADPH-P450 reductase (Reductase) were inhibited by the addition of total saponin.Note : Liver microsomes were isolated from untreated rats.
Part Used : ไม่ระบุActivity : CYTOCHROME P-450 INHIBITIONSolvent/Active Compound : ginsenoside Rb1Type of experiment : in vitroType of animal : -Type of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : -Dose/Conc.(herb) : >100 micromolar of Rb1Duration : 10 min incubationType of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : -Dose/Conc.(drug) : -Result : NegativeRemark : Result: Rb1 exhibited no marked effects on the activities of human cytochrome P450Note : Type of experiment: Human livers were obtained from three Chinese autopsy sample (males, ages 27, 29 and 42 years). Conclusion: The degradation of ginsenosides in the gastrointestinal tract may play an important role in the ginseng-associated drug-drug interactions, but the effects might be not due to Rh1 and F1.
Part Used : รากActivity : CYTOCHROME P-450 INHIBITIONSolvent/Active Compound : -Type of experiment : humanType of animal : -Type of study : Case reportN(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : MaleAge : 26 yrs.Route : Oral administrationDose/Conc.(herb) : Daily ingestion of panax ginseng via energy drinksDuration : 3 monthsType of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : Imatinib*/Glivec/Imatinib mesylateDose/Conc.(drug) : 400 mg dailyResult : PositiveRemark : The patient's daily ingestion of ginseng led to reduced CYP3A4 activity, which subsequently decreased the metabolism of imatinib. Compromised imatinib metabolism increased its plasma concentration, thus potentiating its hepatotoxic effect.Note : A 26-year-old man with chronic myelogenous leukemia who had taken imatinib 400 mg daily for 7 years with no complications presented with right upper quadrant pain. Laboratory test results included alanine aminotransferase 1069 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase 481 U/L, alkaline phosphatase 124 IU/L, total bilirubin 1.4 mg/dL, albumin 4.0 g/dL, and international normalized ratio 1.08. Liver biopsy showed acute lobular hepatitis favoring a drug-induced etiology, and a diagnosis of imatinib-induced hepatotoxicity was made. The patient's only lifestyle modification prior to the diagnosis of hepatotoxicity was daily ingestion of Panax ginseng via energy drinks for the past 3 months. Both imatinib and ginseng were discontinued, and the patient was treated with a short course of corticosteroids. Imatinib was later restarted at the same dose with no recurrent elevations in his liver enzyme levels. They propose that the patien's late-onset imatinib-associated hepatotoxicity was due to an interaction between ginseng and imatinib through CYP3A4.
Part Used : ไม่ระบุActivity : CYTOCHROME P-450 INHIBITIONSolvent/Active Compound : ginsenosides F1Type of experiment : in vitroType of animal : -Type of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : -Dose/Conc.(herb) : ginsenosides F1 10 mMDuration : -Type of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : -Dose/Conc.(drug) : -Result : PositiveRemark : Result: Many of the exts./constituents exerted >/=50% inhibition of P 450 activity. Ginsenosides F1 and Rh1 (but not ginseng ext.) inhibiting CYP3A4 at 10 mM.Note : Result: The data suggest that the clearance of a variety of drugs may be diminished by concomitant use of these herbs via inhibition of P450 enzymes, but less so by Pgp-mediated effects. Data incomplete.
Part Used : ไม่ระบุActivity : CYTOCHROME P-450 INHIBITIONSolvent/Active Compound : ginsenosides Rh1Type of experiment : in vitroType of animal : -Type of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : -Dose/Conc.(herb) : ginsenosides Rh1 10 mMDuration : -Type of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : -Dose/Conc.(drug) : -Result : PositiveRemark : Result: Many of the exts./constituents exerted >/=50% inhibition of P 450 activity. Ginsenosides F1 and Rh1 (but not ginseng ext.) inhibiting CYP3A4 at 10 mM.Note : Result: The data suggest that the clearance of a variety of drugs may be diminished by concomitant use of these herbs via inhibition of P450 enzymes, but less so by Pgp-mediated effects. Data incomplete.
Part Used : -Activity : CYTOCHROME P-450 INHIBITIONSolvent/Active Compound : methanolType of experiment : in vitroType of animal : -Type of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : -Dose/Conc.(herb) : -Duration : -Type of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : -Dose/Conc.(drug) : -Result : EquivocalRemark : Type of experiment: human liver microsomes Results: Nine ginseng products studied had little to no effect on the activity of CYP3A4.Note : Data incomplete
