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Part Used : ไม่ระบุActivity : EFFECTS ON PHARMACOKINETICSolvent/Active Compound :Type of experiment : in vitroType of animal : -Type of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : -Dose/Conc.(herb) : -Duration : -Type of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : SaquinavirDose/Conc.(drug) : -Result : PositiveRemark : Reduces bioavailability of the protease inhibitor saquinavir and to a lesser extent ritonavir. Appears safe with most drugs except saquinavir.Note : Data incomplete, data from review article.
Part Used : ไม่ระบุActivity : EFFECTS ON PHARMACOKINETICSolvent/Active Compound :Type of experiment : in vitroType of animal : -Type of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : -Dose/Conc.(herb) : -Duration : -Type of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : SaquinavirDose/Conc.(drug) : -Result : PositiveRemark : Reduces bioavailability of the protease inhibitor saquinavir and to a lesser extent ritonavir. Appears safe with most drugs except saquinavir.Note : Data incomplete, data from review article.
Part Used : ไม่ระบุActivity : EFFECTS ON PHARMACOKINETICSolvent/Active Compound : Garlic extractType of experiment : in vivoType of animal : ratType of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : Oral administrationDose/Conc.(herb) : 500 mg/kgDuration : 8 daysType of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : MetforminDose/Conc.(drug) : 320 mg/kgResult : PositiveRemark : Garlic is altering the pharmacokinetics of Metformin in rats by significantly increasing its Cmax and AUC0-12h. With repeated dose administration, a prominent effect is seen by a significant increase in Cmax, AUC0-12h and slight increase in t1/2.
Part Used : หัวActivity : EFFECTS ON PHARMACOKINETICSolvent/Active Compound : -Type of experiment : humanType of animal : -Type of study : non specifiedN(Total) : 10 (M/F=4/6)N(Treatment) : 10Sex : Both sexAge : -Route : Oral administrationDose/Conc.(herb) : 3.6 mg of garlic caplets, twice dailyDuration : 3 weeksType of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : SaquinavirDose/Conc.(drug) : -Result : PositiveRemark : Administration of garlic caplets containing 3.6 mg of garlic powdered extract, two times daily, decreased the plasma AUC by 51%, trough plasma concentration at 8 h (C8h) by 49% and Cmax by 54%. The AUC, C8h, and Cmax of saquinavir returned to 60-70% of its baseline values after the 10 - day washout period.Note : Data incomplete, data from review article
Part Used : หัวActivity : EFFECTS ON PHARMACOKINETICSolvent/Active Compound : -Type of experiment : humanType of animal : -Type of study : non specifiedN(Total) : 10 (M/F=5/5)N(Treatment) : 10Sex : Both sexAge : -Route : Oral administrationDose/Conc.(herb) : 2 garlic capsules (10 mg of odorless garlic extract)Duration : 4 daysType of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : RitonavirDose/Conc.(drug) : 400 mg, single doseResult : NegativeRemark : In a trial of the HIV - 1 protease inhibitor ritonavir, the administration of two garlic capsules (10 mg of natural source odorless garlic extract) for 4 days in healthy volunteers did not significantly alter its single - dose pharmacokinetics.Note : Data incomplete, data from review article
Part Used : หัวActivity : EFFECTS ON PHARMACOKINETICSolvent/Active Compound : aged garlic extractType of experiment : humanType of animal : -Type of study : non specifiedN(Total) : 16N(Treatment) : 16Sex : MaleAge : -Route : Oral administrationDose/Conc.(herb) : aged garlic extract (equivalent to 6-7 cloves of garlic)Duration : 3 monthsType of interaction : PharmacodynamicsInteraction with drug : Paracetamol*/Acetaminophen/APAP/N-acetyl-p-aminophenolDose/Conc.(drug) : 1 gram orallyResult : NegativeRemark : A clinical trial of healthy volunteers being administered commercial aged garlic extract (approximately equivalent to six to seven cloves of garlic) for 3 months did not alter the oxidative and glucuronidation metabolism of acetaminophen (1 g orally) but caused a slight increase in sulfation.Note : Data incomplete, data from review article
Part Used : หัวActivity : EFFECTS ON PHARMACOKINETICSolvent/Active Compound : diallyl sulfoneType of experiment : in vivoType of animal : mouseType of study : -N(Total) :N(Treatment) :Sex : -Age : -Route : Oral administrationDose/Conc.(herb) : -Duration : -Type of interaction : PharmacodynamicsInteraction with drug : Paracetamol*/Acetaminophen/APAP/N-acetyl-p-aminophenolDose/Conc.(drug) :Result : PositiveRemark : An animal study in mice indicated that garlic - derived diallyl sulfone (DASO2) decreased the plsma concentrations of oxidative acetaminophen metabolites but not of nonoxidative acetaminophen metabolites, due to the inhibition of CYP2E1, which is the major enzyme responsible for the bioactivation of acetaminophen.Note : Data incomplete, data from review article
Part Used : ไม่ระบุActivity : EFFECTS ON PHARMACOKINETICSolvent/Active Compound : diallyl trisulfide (DATS)Type of experiment : in vivoType of animal : ratType of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : OtherDose/Conc.(herb) : 20 mg/kgDuration : 5 min before the i.v. administration or oral gavage of nifedipineType of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : NifedipineDose/Conc.(drug) : 0.75 mg/kg, i.v. or 3 mg/kg, oralResult : PositiveRemark : Type of experiment: In the short-term on nifedipine, vehicle (medium chain triglycerides) or DATS (20 mg/kg) was intragastically administered 5 min before the i.v. administration (0.75 mg/kg) or oral gavage of nifedipine (3 mg/kg).Note : Compared to the control groups, higher Cmax and AUC0-24h were observed for oral gavage of nifedipine after short-term and long-term pretreatment of DATS, whereas those for intravenous nifedipine were little changed. The oral bioavailabilities of nifedipine were remarkably enhnaced via the concomitant use of DATS.
Part Used : ไม่ระบุActivity : EFFECTS ON PHARMACOKINETICSolvent/Active Compound : diallyl trisulfide (DATS)Type of experiment : in vivoType of animal : ratType of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : OtherDose/Conc.(herb) : 20 mg/kgDuration : 15 daysType of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : NifedipineDose/Conc.(drug) : 0.75 mg/kg, i.v. or 3 mg/kg, oralResult : PositiveRemark : Type of experiment: In long-term administration groups, rats were gavaged once daily for 15 consecutive days with either medium-chain triglycerides (control) or 20 mg/kg DATS in a volume of 2.5 mL/kg. On the morning of day 15, all the animals were gastrogavaged with nifedipine (3 mg/kg) or intravenously administered nifedipine (0.75 mg/kg solution) 5 min after the last administration of DATS.Note : Compared to the control groups, higher Cmax and AUC0-24h were observed for oral gavage of nifedipine after short-term and long-term pretreatment of DATS, whereas those for intravenous nifedipine were little changed. The oral bioavailabilities of nifedipine were remarkably enhnaced via the concomitant use of DATS.
Part Used : ไม่ระบุActivity : EFFECTS ON PHARMACOKINETICSolvent/Active Compound : -Type of experiment : in vivoType of animal : ratType of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : Oral administrationDose/Conc.(herb) : atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) + garlic (1% w/w)Duration : 12 weeksType of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : AtorvastatinDose/Conc.(drug) : 10 mg/kgResult : PositiveRemark : Results: The study revealed higher values [C(max), AUC, Area Under The Moment Curve (AUMC), mean resident time (MRT), and half-life] of atorvastatin in garlic-treated groups.Note : Type of experiment: Rats with induced dyslipidemia were divided into five groups. Group 1 was given atorvastatin (10 mg/kg body weight (b. wt) orally), group 2 was given atorvastain (10 mg/kg b.wt orally)+garlic (1% w/w in feed), group 3 was maintained on atorvastatin (5 mg/kg b.wt orally)+garlic (0.5% w/w in feed), group 4 was maintained on atorvastain (7.5 mg/kg b.wt orally)+garlic (0.25% w/w in feed), and group 5 was maintained on atorvastatin (2.5 mg/kg b.wt orally)+garlic (0.75% w/w in feed).
