| Synonym |
| Thai / English name |
Part Used : รากActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Rb1, Rc, RdType of experiment : in vivoType of animal : ratType of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : IntravenousDose/Conc.(herb) : The individual compounds at 2.5 micromolar/kgDuration : In the third rat study, urine samples were collected at 0-8 and 8-24 h after dosing and were weighed.Type of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : Rifampicin*/RifampinDose/Conc.(drug) : 20 mg/kg i.v.Result : PositiveRemark : Result: Rifampin is an OATP/Oatp inhibitor and substrate. There were significant differences between the ppt-type ginsenosides (ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re and notoginsenoside R1) and the ppd-type ginsenosides (ginsenosides Rb1, Rc and Rd) in the systemic exposure and elimination kinetics after i.v. dosing with the individual compounds at 2.5 micromol/kg. This was shown by the plasma AUC0-inf and t1/2 values of the latter, which were 105-368 times and 26-88 times, respectively, greater than those of the former. To determine the role of the rapid hepatobiliary excretion of the ppt-type ginsenosides in the preceding differences relative to their ppd-type counterparts, rats were treated with rifampin. The treatment led to slowed biliary excretion of the ppt-type ginsenosides. This was indicated by the CLB values of the ppt-type ginsenosides in the rifampin-treated rats, which were only 3.1-10.6% of those in the control rats.
Part Used : รากActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : 60% EthanolType of experiment : in vitroType of animal : -Type of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : -Dose/Conc.(herb) : Dose in 53 L**Duration : -Type of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : TrifluroperazineDose/Conc.(drug) : 60 micromolarResult : PositiveRemark : Results: Gingseng root extract inhibited trifluoperazine glucoronide (UGT1A4) in human liver microsome with Rough IC50 values of 368.4+/-66.6 microgram/ml. For a RDI 550 mg, this would result in VDI of 1.5 l/dose.Note : Type of experiment: *Human liver microsomal (HLM) **Working solutions were freshly prepared so that final herbal concentrations in screening incubations would represent the recommended daily intake of each extract in 53, 5.3, and 0.53 liters. Each herbal extract was coincubated at three concentrations with trifluoperazine (for UGT1A4), serotonin (for UGT1A6), and mycophenolic acid (for UGT1A9) and human liver microsome. Formation of trifluoperezine glucoronide, serotonin glucuronide, and mycophenolic acid beta-D- glucoronide were used as index reactions for activity of UGT1A4, UGT1A6, and UGT1A9 enzyme activities, respectively.
Part Used : รากActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : 60% EthanolType of experiment : in vitroType of animal : -Type of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : -Dose/Conc.(herb) : Dose in 5.3 L**Duration : -Type of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : TrifluroperazineDose/Conc.(drug) : 60 micromolarResult : PositiveRemark : Results: Gingseng root extract inhibited trifluoperazine glucoronide (UGT1A4) in human liver microsome with Rough IC50 values of 368.4+/-66.6 microgram/ml. For a RDI 550 mg, this would result in VDI of 1.5 l/dose.Note : Type of experiment: *Human liver microsomal (HLM) **Working solutions were freshly prepared so that final herbal concentrations in screening incubations would represent the recommended daily intake of each extract in 53, 5.3, and 0.53 liters. Each herbal extract was coincubated at three concentrations with trifluoperazine (for UGT1A4), serotonin (for UGT1A6), and mycophenolic acid (for UGT1A9) and human liver microsome. Formation of trifluoperezine glucoronide, serotonin glucuronide, and mycophenolic acid beta-D- glucoronide were used as index reactions for activity of UGT1A4, UGT1A6, and UGT1A9 enzyme activities, respectively.
Part Used : รากActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : 60% EthanolType of experiment : in vitroType of animal : -Type of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : -Dose/Conc.(herb) : Dose in 0.53 L**Duration : -Type of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : TrifluroperazineDose/Conc.(drug) : 60 micromolarResult : PositiveRemark : Results: Gingseng root extract inhibited trifluoperazine glucoronide (UGT1A4) in human liver microsome with Rough IC50 values of 368.4+/-66.6 microgram/ml. For a RDI 550 mg, this would result in VDI of 1.5 l/dose.Note : Type of experiment: *Human liver microsomal (HLM) **Working solutions were freshly prepared so that final herbal concentrations in screening incubations would represent the recommended daily intake of each extract in 53, 5.3, and 0.53 liters. Each herbal extract was coincubated at three concentrations with trifluoperazine (for UGT1A4), serotonin (for UGT1A6), and mycophenolic acid (for UGT1A9) and human liver microsome. Formation of trifluoperezine glucoronide, serotonin glucuronide, and mycophenolic acid beta-D- glucoronide were used as index reactions for activity of UGT1A4, UGT1A6, and UGT1A9 enzyme activities, respectively.
Part Used : รากActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : 60% EthanolType of experiment : in vitroType of animal : -Type of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : -Dose/Conc.(herb) : Dose in 53 L**Duration : -Type of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : Serotonin*/5-hydroxytryptamine/5-HTDose/Conc.(drug) : 8 mMResult : NegativeRemark : Results: data points did not fit the IC50 curve.Note : Type of experiment: *Human liver microsomal (HLM) **Working solutions were freshly prepared so that final herbal concentrations in screening incubations would represent the recommended daily intake of each extract in 53, 5.3, and 0.53 liters. Each herbal extract was coincubated at three concentrations with trifluoperazine (for UGT1A4), serotonin (for UGT1A6), and mycophenolic acid (for UGT1A9) and human liver microsome. Formation of trifluoperezine glucoronide, serotonin glucuronide, and mycophenolic acid beta-D- glucoronide were used as index reactions for activity of UGT1A4, UGT1A6, and UGT1A9 enzyme activities, respectively.
Part Used : รากActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : 60% EthanolType of experiment : in vitroType of animal : -Type of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : -Dose/Conc.(herb) : Dose in 5.3 L**Duration : -Type of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : Serotonin*/5-hydroxytryptamine/5-HTDose/Conc.(drug) : 8 mMResult : NegativeRemark : Results: data points did not fit the IC50 curve.Note : Type of experiment: *Human liver microsomal (HLM) **Working solutions were freshly prepared so that final herbal concentrations in screening incubations would represent the recommended daily intake of each extract in 53, 5.3, and 0.53 liters. Each herbal extract was coincubated at three concentrations with trifluoperazine (for UGT1A4), serotonin (for UGT1A6), and mycophenolic acid (for UGT1A9) and human liver microsome. Formation of trifluoperezine glucoronide, serotonin glucuronide, and mycophenolic acid beta-D- glucoronide were used as index reactions for activity of UGT1A4, UGT1A6, and UGT1A9 enzyme activities, respectively.
Part Used : รากActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : 60% EthanolType of experiment : in vitroType of animal : -Type of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : -Dose/Conc.(herb) : Dose in 0.53 L**Duration : -Type of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : Serotonin*/5-hydroxytryptamine/5-HTDose/Conc.(drug) : 8 mMResult : NegativeRemark : Results: data points did not fit the IC50 curve.Note : Type of experiment: *Human liver microsomal (HLM) **Working solutions were freshly prepared so that final herbal concentrations in screening incubations would represent the recommended daily intake of each extract in 53, 5.3, and 0.53 liters. Each herbal extract was coincubated at three concentrations with trifluoperazine (for UGT1A4), serotonin (for UGT1A6), and mycophenolic acid (for UGT1A9) and human liver microsome. Formation of trifluoperezine glucoronide, serotonin glucuronide, and mycophenolic acid beta-D- glucoronide were used as index reactions for activity of UGT1A4, UGT1A6, and UGT1A9 enzyme activities, respectively.
Part Used : รากActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : 60% EthanolType of experiment : in vitroType of animal : -Type of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : -Dose/Conc.(herb) : Dose in 53 L**Duration : -Type of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : Mycophenolic acid*/Mycophenolate/MMF/MPA/MofetilDose/Conc.(drug) : 240 micromolarResult : NegativeRemark : Results: Ginseng root extract inhibited mycophenolic acid beta-D-glucoronide (UGT1A9) in human liver microsome with Rough IC50 values of 298.6+/-29.1 microgram/ml. For a RDI 550 mg, this would result in VDI of 1.8 l/dose.Note : Type of experiment: *Human liver microsomal (HLM) **Working solutions were freshly prepared so that final herbal concentrations in screening incubations would represent the recommended daily intake of each extract in 53, 5.3, and 0.53 liters. Each herbal extract was coincubated at three concentrations with trifluoperazine (for UGT1A4), serotonin (for UGT1A6), and mycophenolic acid (for UGT1A9) and human liver microsome. Formation of trifluoperezine glucoronide, serotonin glucuronide, and mycophenolic acid beta-D- glucoronide were used as index reactions for activity of UGT1A4, UGT1A6, and UGT1A9 enzyme activities, respectively.
Part Used : รากActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : 60% EthanolType of experiment : in vitroType of animal : -Type of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : -Dose/Conc.(herb) : Dose in 5.3 L**Duration : -Type of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : Mycophenolic acid*/Mycophenolate/MMF/MPA/MofetilDose/Conc.(drug) : 240 micromolarResult : PositiveRemark : Results: Ginseng root extract inhibited mycophenolic acid beta-D-glucoronide (UGT1A9) in human liver microsome with Rough IC50 values of 298.6+/-29.1 microgram/ml. For a RDI 550 mg, this would result in VDI of 1.8 l/dose.Note : Type of experiment: *Human liver microsomal (HLM) **Working solutions were freshly prepared so that final herbal concentrations in screening incubations would represent the recommended daily intake of each extract in 53, 5.3, and 0.53 liters. Each herbal extract was coincubated at three concentrations with trifluoperazine (for UGT1A4), serotonin (for UGT1A6), and mycophenolic acid (for UGT1A9) and human liver microsome. Formation of trifluoperezine glucoronide, serotonin glucuronide, and mycophenolic acid beta-D- glucoronide were used as index reactions for activity of UGT1A4, UGT1A6, and UGT1A9 enzyme activities, respectively.
Part Used : รากActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : 60% EthanolType of experiment : in vitroType of animal : -Type of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : -Dose/Conc.(herb) : Dose in 0.53 L**Duration : -Type of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : Mycophenolic acid*/Mycophenolate/MMF/MPA/MofetilDose/Conc.(drug) : 240 micromolarResult : PositiveRemark : Results: Ginseng root extract inhibited mycophenolic acid beta-D-glucoronide (UGT1A9) in human liver microsome with Rough IC50 values of 298.6+/-29.1 microgram/ml. For a RDI 550 mg, this would result in VDI of 1.8 l/dose.Note : Type of experiment: *Human liver microsomal (HLM) **Working solutions were freshly prepared so that final herbal concentrations in screening incubations would represent the recommended daily intake of each extract in 53, 5.3, and 0.53 liters. Each herbal extract was coincubated at three concentrations with trifluoperazine (for UGT1A4), serotonin (for UGT1A6), and mycophenolic acid (for UGT1A9) and human liver microsome. Formation of trifluoperezine glucoronide, serotonin glucuronide, and mycophenolic acid beta-D- glucoronide were used as index reactions for activity of UGT1A4, UGT1A6, and UGT1A9 enzyme activities, respectively.
