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Part Used : หัวActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : DAS (Diallyl sulfide) and DATS (Diallyl trisulfide)Type of experiment : in vitroType of animal : -Type of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : -Dose/Conc.(herb) : -Duration : -Type of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : Vinblastine*/VLBDose/Conc.(drug) : -Result : PositiveRemark : DAS also inhibited the vinblastine induced expression of p-gp in normal mouse liver.Note : Data from review
Part Used : ไม่ระบุActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : Garlic extractType of experiment : in vivoType of animal : ratType of study : -N(Total) : -N(Treatment) : -Sex : -Age : -Route : Oral administrationDose/Conc.(herb) : 500 mg/kgDuration : 8 daysType of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : MetforminDose/Conc.(drug) : 320 mg/kgResult : PositiveRemark : Garlic is altering the pharmacokinetics of Metformin in rats by significantly increasing its Cmax and AUC0-12h. With repeated dose administration, a prominent effect is seen by a significant increase in Cmax, AUC0-12h and slight increase in t1/2.
Part Used : หัวActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : garlic extractType of experiment : humanType of animal : -Type of study : non specifiedN(Total) : 14 (M/F=9/5)N(Treatment) : 14Sex : Both sexAge : -Route : Oral administrationDose/Conc.(herb) : garlic extract 600 mg tablet, 3 x 600 mg twice dailyDuration : 14 daysType of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : Dextromethorphan*/Dextromethorfan/DextromorphanDose/Conc.(drug) : -Result : NegativeRemark : The administration of a garlic extract (with an allicin potential of 600 micrograms; alliin, 1.5 mg; and S - allyl - L - cysteine, 0.03 mg in each 600 mg tablet, 3 x 600 mg twice daily) insignificantly increased the ratio of dextromethorphan to its metabolite from 0.044 at baseline to 0.052 (p> 0.05). No significant differences were seen in pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, AUC, t1/2) for alprazolam at baseline, and after garlic extract treatment.Note : Data incomplete, data from review article
Part Used : หัวActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : garlic extractType of experiment : humanType of animal : -Type of study : non specifiedN(Total) : 14 (M/F=9/5)N(Treatment) : 14Sex : Both sexAge : -Route : Oral administrationDose/Conc.(herb) : garlic extract 600 mg tablet, 3 x 600 mg twice dailyDuration : 14 daysType of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : AlprazolamDose/Conc.(drug) : -Result : NegativeRemark : The administration of a garlic extract (with an allicin potential of 600 micrograms; alliin, 1.5 mg; and S - allyl - L - cysteine, 0.03 mg in each 600 mg tablet, 3 x 600 mg twice daily) insignificantly increased the ratio of dextromethorphan to its metabolite from 0.044 at baseline to 0.052 (p> 0.05). No significant differences were seen in pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, AUC, t1/2) for alprazolam at baseline, and after garlic extract treatment.Note : Data incomplete, data from review article
Part Used : หัวActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : garlic oilType of experiment : humanType of animal : -Type of study : non specifiedN(Total) : 12N(Treatment) : 12Sex : -Age : 60-76 yrsRoute : Oral administrationDose/Conc.(herb) : -Duration : -Type of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : Midazolam*/Versed/DormicumDose/Conc.(drug) : -Result : NegativeRemark : The study using midazolam as a probe, similarly reported that supplementation with garlic oil did not alter the activity of CYP3A4 in 12 healthy volunteers.Note : Data incomplete, data from review article
Part Used : หัวActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : garlic oilType of experiment : humanType of animal : -Type of study : non specifiedN(Total) : 12N(Treatment) : 12Sex : -Age : 60-76 yrsRoute : Oral administrationDose/Conc.(herb) : -Duration : 28 daysType of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : ChlorzoxazoneDose/Conc.(drug) : -Result : PositiveRemark : In a study using chlozoxazone as a probe, garlic oil administration for 28 days to healthy volunteers reduced CYP2E1 activity by 39%.Note : Data incomplete, data from review article
Part Used : หัวActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : -Type of experiment : humanType of animal : -Type of study : non specifiedN(Total) : 10 (M/F=4/6)N(Treatment) : 10Sex : Both sexAge : -Route : Oral administrationDose/Conc.(herb) : 3.6 mg of garlic caplets, twice dailyDuration : 3 weeksType of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : SaquinavirDose/Conc.(drug) : -Result : PositiveRemark : Administration of garlic caplets containing 3.6 mg of garlic powdered extract, two times daily, decreased the plasma AUC by 51%, trough plasma concentration at 8 h (C8h) by 49% and Cmax by 54%. The AUC, C8h, and Cmax of saquinavir returned to 60-70% of its baseline values after the 10 - day washout period.Note : Data incomplete, data from review article
Part Used : หัวActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : -Type of experiment : humanType of animal : -Type of study : non specifiedN(Total) : 10 (M/F=5/5)N(Treatment) : 10Sex : Both sexAge : -Route : Oral administrationDose/Conc.(herb) : 2 garlic capsules (10 mg of odorless garlic extract)Duration : 4 daysType of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : RitonavirDose/Conc.(drug) : 400 mg, single doseResult : NegativeRemark : In a trial of the HIV - 1 protease inhibitor ritonavir, the administration of two garlic capsules (10 mg of natural source odorless garlic extract) for 4 days in healthy volunteers did not significantly alter its single - dose pharmacokinetics.Note : Data incomplete, data from review article
Part Used : หัวActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : -Type of experiment : humanType of animal : -Type of study : Case reportN(Total) : 2N(Treatment) : 2Sex : Both sexAge : -Route : Oral administrationDose/Conc.(herb) : -Duration : > 2 weeksType of interaction : PharmacokineticsInteraction with drug : RitonavirDose/Conc.(drug) : 100 mg twice dailyResult : PositiveRemark : A two HIV - infected patients taking garlic supplements for > 2 weeks reveals the development of severe gastrointestinal toxicity after the initiation of ritonavir - containing antiretroviral therapy (400 or 600 mg twice daily). Moreover, these symptoms resolved after discontinuing garlic or ritonavir. This occurrence was not likely related to increased systemic concentrations of ritonavir. In addition, gastrointestinal symptoms recurred during rechallenge with low - dose ritonavir (100 mg twice daily) in the presence of garlic.Note : Data incomplete, data from review article
Part Used : หัวActivity : DRUG INTERACTIONSolvent/Active Compound : -Type of experiment : humanType of animal : -Type of study : Case reportN(Total) : 2N(Treatment) : 2Sex : Both sexAge : -Route : Oral administrationDose/Conc.(herb) : -Duration : -Type of interaction : PharmacodynamicsInteraction with drug : WarfarinDose/Conc.(drug) : -Result : PositiveRemark : The combination of warfarin and garlic extract caused an increase of clotting time and international normalized ratio (INR) in two separate case reports. These INR increases were attributed to garlic intake since no other medication changes had ocurred. In both cases, clotting time were roughly doubled.Note : Data incomplete, data from review article
