ไม้ลุกล้มอายุหลายปี สูง 30-90 ซม. กิ่งก้านสี่เหลี่ยม ใบเดี่ยว เรียงตรงข้าม รูปไข่แกมขอบขนาน ถึงรูปขอบขนานแกมใบหนา ขอบใบจักฟันเลื่อย ขยี้มีกลิ่นหอม ดอกช่อฉัตรออกที่ปลายกิ่ง กลีบดอกสีม่วงแยกเป็น 2 ปาก ผลประกอบด้วยผลย่อยเป็นผลแห้งแข็ง 4 ผล รูปทรงรี
เอกสารอ้างอิง : (พ.242) Youngben HW. Text book of pharmacognosy, 6th ed. Philadelphia: The blakiston Company 1950, 213-4, 364-5, 723-5, 729-31.
ABORTIFACIENT EFFECT (1)
ABSORPTION DECREASE EFFECT (1)
ACARICIDAL ACTIVITY (4)
ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION (2)
ACID PHOSPHATASE INHIBITION (1)
AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION INHIBITION (1)
AIDS THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS (1)
ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE INHIBITION (1)
ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE STIMULATION (1)
ALKALINIZING ACTIVITY (1)
ALLERGENIC ACTIVITY (3)
ALPHA-AMYLASE INHIBITION (1)
ANALGESIC ACTIVITY (32)
ANESTHETIC ACTIVITY(LOCAL) (4)
ANESTHETIC ACTIVITY(UNSPEC) (1)
ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITION (2)
ANIMAL PRODUCTION (13)
ANTACID ACTIVITY (1)
ANTI HIV ACTIVITY (2)
ANTIACNE ACTIVITY (5)
ANTIADHESION EFFECT (1)
ANTIAGING ACTIVITY (6)
ANTIALCOHOLIC ACTIVITY (1)
ANTIALLERGENIC ACTIVITY (14)
ANTIAMEBIC ACTIVITY (1)
ANTIANGIOGENIC ACTIVITY (3)
ANTIANXIETY EFFECT (1)
ANTIASTHMATIC ACTIVITY (1)
ANTIATHEROSCLEROTIC ACTIVITY (1)
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY (105)
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY(PLANT PATHOGEN) (2)
ANTIBIOTIC INDUCING ACTIVITY (1)
ANTIBODY FORMATION SUPPRESSION (1)
ANTIBURN EFFECT (1)
ANTICARIES ACTIVITY (6)
ANTICATARACT ACTIVITY (1)
ANTICHOLINERGIC ACTIVITY (1)
ANTICOCCIDIAL ACTIVITY (1)
ANTICYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY (1)
ANTIDANDRUFF EFFECT (1)
ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY (3)
ANTIDERMATITIS ACTIVITY (3)
ANTIDIARRHEAL ACTIVITY (5)
ANTIDRUG-RESISTANCE ACTIVITY (1)
ANTIEDEMA ACTIVITY (4)
ANTIEMETIC ACTIVITY (4)
ANTIESTROGENIC EFFECT (1)
ANTIFATIGUE ACTIVITY (2)
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY (43)
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY(PLANT PATHOGENS) (14)
ANTIGASTRITIS ACTIVITY (2)
ANTIGIARDIASIS ACTIVITY (1)
ANTIHALITOSIS EFFECT (7)
ANTIHELICOBACTER ACTIVITY (8)
ANTIHEMORRHAGIC ACTIVITY (1)
ANTIHEMOSTATIC ACTIVITY (1)
ANTIHEPATOTOXIC ACTIVITY (4)
ANTIHERPES ACTIVITY (5)
ANTIHISTAMINE ACTIVITY (3)
ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY (4)
ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY (1)
ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY, ANTIARTHRITIS, ANTIIRRITANT (59)
ANTIKININ-LIKE ACTIVITY (1)
ANTILEISHMANIASIS ACTIVITY (2)
ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY (2)
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY(UNSPECIFIED) (42)
ANTIMITE ACTIVITY (3)
ANTIMUTAGENIC ACTIVITY (2)
ANTINAUSEANT EFFECT (4)
ANTINEMATODAL ACTIVITY (1)
ANTIOBESITY ACTIVITY (1)
ANTIOSTEOPOROSIS ACTIVITY (2)
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY (83)
ANTIPARASITIC ACTIVITY (4)
ANTIPEPTIC ACTIVITY (2)
ANTIPERIODONTITIS ACTIVITY (7)
ANTIPERSPIRANT EFFECT (1)
ANTIPROLIFERATION ACTIVITY (6)
ANTIPROTOZOAN ACTIVITY (5)
ANTIPRURITIC ACTIVITY (3)
ANTIPYRETIC ACTIVITY (2)
ANTIRADIATION EFFECT (6)
ANTI-RHINITIC EFFECT (2)
ANTISNORING EFFECT (1)
ANTISPASMODIC ACTIVITY(UNSPECIFIED TYPE) (6)
ANTISTRESS ACTIVITY (4)
ANTITREMORGENIC ACTIVITY (2)
ANTITRYPANOSOMAL ACTIVITY (1)
ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY (2)
ANTITUSSIVE ACTIVITY (3)
ANTIULCER ACTIVITY (10)
ANTIULCERATIVE COLITIS ACTIVITY (2)
ANTIVERTIGO EFFECT (1)
ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY (10)
ANTIWRINKLING ACTIVITY (8)
ANTIYEAST ACTIVITY (27)
ANTIYEAST ACTIVITY(PLANT PATHOGENS) (1)
APHRODISIAC ACTIVITY (1)
APOPTOSIS INDUCTION (4)
APOPTOSIS INHIBITION (2)
APPETITE STIMULANT (2)
APPETITE SUPPRESSANT (4)
AROMATASE INHIBITION (1)
ASTRINGENT EFFECT (1)
BACTERIAL STIMULANT ACTIVITY (1)
BEVERAGE USE (8)
BLOOD FLOW INCREASE (3)
BODY WEIGHT LOSS INHIBITION (2)
BONE EFFECTS (UNSPECIFIED) (3)
BONE RESORPTION INHIBITION (1)
BRONCHODILATOR ACTIVITY (1)
BUN LOWERING EFFECT (1)
BUN RAISING EFFECT (1)
CALCIUM CHANNEL MODULATOR ACTIVITY (1)
CALCIUM ION UPTAKE INHIBITION (1)
CALCIUM LEVEL DECREASE(INTRACELLULAR) (1)
CANCER RISK REDUCTION (1)
CARCINOGENESIS INHIBITION (9)
CARCINOGENIC ACTIVITY (1)
CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS(UNSPECIFIED) (4)
CARMINATIVE ACTIVITY (3)
CASPASE-3 STIMULATION (3)
CATALASE INHIBITION (2)
CATALASE STIMULATION (1)
CATHEPSIN B INHIBITION (1)
CAUSTIC EFFECT (1)
CELL CONTRACTION INHIBITION (1)
CELL GROWTH INHIBITION EFFECT (1)
CELL PROLIFERATION INHIBITION (1)
CEREBRAL INSUFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT (1)
CHELATING EFFECT(IRON) (3)
CHEWING GUM USE (1)
CHLORIDE CHANNEL ACTIVATION (1)
CHOLECYSTOKININ RELEASE STIMULATION (1)
CHOLERETIC ACTIVITY (2)
CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION (1)
CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS INDUCED (2)
CIRCULATION STIMULATION (4)
CNS DEPRESSANT ACTIVITY (2)
CNS EFFECTS(GENERAL) (6)
CNS STIMULANT ACTIVITY (2)
COLONY FORMATION INHIBITION (1)
COMMON COLD RELIEF (4)
CONDITIONED AVOIDANCE RESPONSE DECREASE (1)
CONDITIONED AVOIDANCE RESPONSE INCREASE (1)
CONTRACEPTIVE AND/OR INTERCEPTIVE EFFECT (1)
CORTICOSTERONE LEVEL DECREASE (3)
COSMETIC EFFECTS (27)
CREATININE LEVEL INCREASE (1)
CYCLIC AMP STIMULATION (1)
CYCLOOXYGENASE 1 INHIBITION (1)
CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITION (1)
CYCLOOXYGENASE STIMULATION (1)
CYP1A2 INHIBITION (1)
CYP2A6 INHIBITION (1)
CYTOCHROME B-5 INCREASE (1)
CYTOCHROME B-5 REDUCTASE STIMULATION (1)
CYTOCHROME C STIMULATION EFFECT (2)
CYTOCHROME P-450 INDUCTION (2)
CYTOCHROME P-450 INHIBITION (1)
CYTOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY (1)
CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY (14)
DECONGESTANT EFFECT (1)
DENTAL PLAQUE FORMATION INHIBITION (1)
DENTIFRICE ACTIVITY (5)
DEODORIZING EFFECT (8)
DERMATITIS IMPROVEMENT (1)
DERMATITIS PRODUCING EFFECT (1)
DETOXIFYING EFFECT(NON-IMMUNOLOGIC) (2)
DIABETES-INHIBITION OF DEVELOPMENT (1)
DIABETIC ANGIOPATHY IMPROVEMENT (1)
DIAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITION (1)
DIGESTANT ACTION (9)
DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE INHIBITION (1)
DRUG ADDICTION INHIBITION (1)
DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (2)
DRUG INTERACTION (14)
DYE-CONTAINING PLANT (1)
EFFECT OF WATER SUPPLY ON PLANT GROWTH (1)
EFFECT ON ION CHANNELS (2)
EFFECT ON TEETH (7)
EGG PRODUCTION INCREASE (1)
ELASTASE INHIBITION (1)
EMBRYOTOXIC EFFECT (1)
EMBRYOTOXIC EFFECT (1)
EMOLLIENT EFFECT (1)
ENZYME EFFECTS(UNSPECIFIED) (1)
ESTROGENIC EFFECT (1)
EXPECTORANT ACTIVITY (1)
FEED EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT (4)
FEEDING DETERRENT(INSECT) (2)
FERMENTATION STIMULATION (2)
FERRITIN LEVEL DECREASE (1)
FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY (1)
FLAVORING EFFECT (5)
FOOD PRESERVATIVE (10)
FOOD USE (3)
FOOT PROBLEM TREATMENT(UNSPEC) (1)
FRAGRANCE USE (5)
FREE RADICAL FORMATION INCREASE (1)
FREE RADICAL FORMATION INHIBITION (1)
FUMIGANT ACTIVITY (1)
GABA RECEPTOR MODULATORY EFFECT (1)
GASTRIC EMPTYING TIME DECREASE (2)
GASTRIC MOTILITY REDUCTION (2)
GASTRIC MOTILITY STIMULANT (2)
GASTRIC SECRETORY INHIBITORY (2)
GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS(UNSPECIFIED) (1)
GASTROINTESTINAL EFFECTS (UNSPECIFIED) (23)
GENE EXPRESSION INDUCTION (1)
GENE EXPRESSION INHIBITION (3)
GENITOURINARY EFFECT(UNSPECIFIED) (5)
GIANT CELL FORMATION INHIBITION (1)
GLUCURONIDATION INHIBITION (1)
GLUTAMATE-OXALOACETATE-TRANSAMINASE INHIBITION (1)
GLUTAMATE-PYRUVATE-TRANSAMINASE INHIBITION (1)
GLUTATHIONE DEPLETION (1)
GLUTATHIONE DEPLETION INHIBITION (1)
GLUTATHIONE FORMATION INDUCTION (7)
GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE INHIBITION (2)
GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE STIMULATION (4)
GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE STIMULATION (2)
GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE INDUCTION (2)
GLYCATION INHIBITION (1)
GROWTH PROMOTER ACTIVITY (1)
HAIR CLEANING ACTIVITY (4)
HAIR CONDITIONER (5)
HAIR GRAYING INHIBITION (1)
HAIR LOSS INHIBITION (1)
HAIR STIMULANT EFFECT (1)
HEALTH FOOD (29)
HEMOSTATIC ACTIVITY (2)
HEPATIC LIPID DECREASE (1)
HEPATOTOXIC ACTIVITY (4)
HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY (1)
HISTAMINE RELEASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY (2)
HYALURONIDASE INHIBITION (1)
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE RELEASE INHIBITION (2)
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE SCAVENGER ACTIVITY (1)
HYPERTHERMIC EFFECT (2)
HYPOGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY (1)
HYPOLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY (1)
HYPOTENSIVE ACTIVITY (1)
IGG INDUCTION (1)
IMMUNOMODULATOR ACTIVITY (2)
IMMUNOSTIMULANT ACTIVITY (3)
IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT ACTIVITY (1)
INFLAMMATION INDUCTION (4)
INSECT REPELLANT ACTIVITY (24)
INSECTICIDE ACTIVITY (24)
INSULIN POTENTIATING EFFECT (1)
INSULIN RESISTANCE INHIBITION (1)
INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE-1 INHIBITION (1)
INTERFERON-GAMMA PRODUCTION STIMULATION (1)
INTERLEUKIN-10 SECRETION INHIBITION (3)
INTERLEUKIN-10 SECRETION STIMULATION (1)
INTERLEUKIN-1-ALPHA RELEASE INHIBITION (1)
INTERLEUKIN-1-BETA RELEASE INHIBITION (1)
INTERLEUKIN-2 FORMATION INHIBITION (1)
INTERLEUKIN-6 RELEASE STIMULATION (1)
INTERLEUKIN-8 PRODUCTION INHIBITION (1)
INTESTINAL ANTISECRETORY ACTIVITY (1)
INTESTINAL MOTILITY INHIBITION (6)
INTESTINAL SECRETORY ACTIVITY (1)
IRON ABSORPTION DECREASE (2)
IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME (IBS) TREATMENT (1)
IRRITANT ACTIVITY (2)
LABOR INDUCTION EFFECT (1)
LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE INHIBITION (2)
LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE STIMULATION (1)
LARVAL GROWTH INHIBITION (1)
LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY (5)
LEARNING ENHANCEMENT (2)
LIPASE INHIBITION (1)
LIPASE(PANCREATIC) INHIBITION (3)
LIPID METABOLISM EFFECTS (1)
LIPID PEROXIDE FORMATION INHIBITION (6)
LIPID PEROXIDE FORMATION STIMULATION (2)
LIPOXYGENASE INHIBITION (1)
LIVER EFFECTS(UNSPECIFIED) (1)
LIVER REGENERATION STIMULATION (1)
LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY STIMULATION (2)
LUNG PROBLEMS(UNSPECIFIED) (1)
LYMPHOCYTE(B) STIMULATION (1)
MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN-2 REDUCTION (1)
MALONDIALDEHYDE INHIBITION (3)
MEMBRANE DEPOLARIZATION (1)
MEMBRANE STABILIZATION EFFECT (2)
MEMORY ENHANCEMENT EFFECT (2)
METABOLISM OF (1)
METALLOPROTEASE INHIBITION (2)
METASTASIS INHIBITION (1)
MICROBIAL GROWTH ACCELERATOR (1)
MISCELLANEOUS EFFECTS (11)
MITOCHONDRIAL INACTIVATION (1)
MITOCHONDRIAL PROTECTIVE EFFECT (1)
MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATION INHIBITION (2)
MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITION (1)
MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITION (TYPE A) (1)
MONOOXYGENASE INDUCTION (2)
MUCOLYTIC EFFECT (1)
MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE ENHANCEMENT (1)
MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE INHIBITION (3)
MUSCLE EFFECTS(UNSPECIFIED) (2)
MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY (4)
MYELOPEROXIDASE INHIBITION (5)
MYOCARDIAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY (1)
N-ACETYL TRANSFERASE INHIBITION (1)
NEMATOCIDAL ACTIVITY (6)
NEPHROTOXIC ACTIVITY (1)
NERVE GROWTH FACTOR INHIBITION (1)
NEUROPROTECTANT EFFECT (3)
NEUROTOXIC ACTIVITY (1)
NEUROTROPHIC ACTIVITY (1)
NITRIC OXIDE STIMULATION (1)
NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE STIMULATION (1)
NITRITE FORMATION INHIBITION (1)
NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA-BETA INHIBITION (2)
NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA-BETA STIMULATION (1)
NUTRITIONAL VALUE (5)
ODOR EFFECT (2)
OLFACTORY EFFECT (2)
OPHTHALMOLOGICAL EFFECTS (12)
OVICIDAL ACTIVITY (1)
OVIPOSITION INHIBITION (1)
OXYGEN DELIVERY INCREASE (1)
OXYGEN RADICAL INHIBITION (2)
PASSIVE CUTANEOUS ANAPHYLAXIS INHIBITION (1)
PERFUME EFFECT (1)
PEROXIDE FORMATION INHIBITION (1)
PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR - ACTIVATED RECEPTOR (PPAR) INCREASE (1)
P-GLYCOPROTEIN INHIBITION (1)
PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY OF (4)
PHEROMONE(INSECT ALARM) (1)
PLANT GROWTH PROMOTER(UNSPEC) (1)
PLANT SHOOT GROWTH INHIBITOR (2)
PLAQUE FORMATION SUPPRESSANT (1)
POLYPHENOL OXIDASE INDUCTION (1)
POLYPHENOL OXIDASE INHIBITION (1)
PROSTAGLANDIN E2 INHIBITION (2)
PROTEASE INHIBITION (4)
PROTEIN EXPRESSION INHIBITION (1)
PROTEIN EXPRESSION STIMULATION (3)
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS STIMULATION (2)
PSYCHOTROPIC ACTIVITY (2)
RADICAL SCAVENGING EFFECT (39)
RADIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT (3)
REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES GENERATION INHIBITION (1)
REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES GENERATION STIMULATION (1)
REDUCING AGENT ACTIVITY (6)
RENAL FUNCTION IMPROVEMENT (1)
REPELLANT ACTIVITY(ANIMAL) (4)
RESPIRATORY EFFECTS (UNSPECIFIED) (14)
RESPIRATORY STIMULANT EFFECT (1)
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TOXICITY (1)
REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITION (1)
REVIEW OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS (40)
SECRETAGOGUE ACTIVITY (1)
SENSORY NEURON ACTIVATION (2)
SEROTONIN RECEPTOR BLOCKING EFFECT (1)
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION (1)
SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGE STIMULATION (2)
SKIN DEPIGMENTATION EFFECT (7)
SKIN ELASTICITY INCREASE (1)
SKIN IMPROVEMENT EFFECT (15)
SKIN MOISTURIZING EFFECT (9)
SKIN PERMEATION ABILITY (1)
SLEEP EFFECTS (3)
SLEEPING DELAY (1)
SMOKING DETERRENT (1)
SMOOTH MUSCLE RELAXANT ACTIVITY (5)
SMOOTH MUSCLE STIMULANT ACTIVITY (1)
SPASMOLYTIC ACTIVITY (3)
SPERMICIDAL EFFECT (2)
SPONTANEOUS ACTIVITY REDUCTION (1)
SULFOCONJUGATION INHIBITION (1)
SUNSCREEN EFFECT (1)
SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE INHIBITION (1)
SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE STIMULATION (4)
SUPEROXIDE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY (3)
TASTE MODIFYING EFFECT (1)
T-CELL STIMULATION (2)
TERATOGENIC ACTIVITY (3)
THIOBARBITURATE REACTING SUBSTANCE INCREASE (1)
THIOBARBITURATE REACTING SUBSTANCE INHIBITION (3)
TOBACCO DETERRANT (2)
TOBACCO SUBSTITUTE (2)
TOXIC EFFECT(GENERAL) (4)
TOXIC EFFECT(UNSPEC) (1)
TOXICITY ASSESSMENT(QUANTITATIVE) (5)
TRANQUILIZING EFFECT (1)
TUMOR NECROSING FACTOR INHIBITION (3)
TUMOR NECROSING FACTOR SECRETION INHIBITION (5)
TUMOR NECROSING FACTOR SYNTHESIS INHIBITION (2)
TUMOR PROMOTION INHIBITION (1)
TYROSINASE INHIBITION (1)
UDP-GLUCURONYL TRANSFERASE INHIBITION (1)
VASCULAR PERMEABILITY INCREASE (1)
VASOCONSTRICTOR ACTIVITY (2)
VASODILATOR ACTIVITY (1)
VISION IMPROVEMENT (1)
VITAMIN C LEVEL INCREASE (1)
WBC INHIBITION (1)
WEIGHT GAIN INHIBITION (2)
WEIGHT INCREASE (3)
WEIGHT LOSS (6)
WOUND HEALING ACCELERATION (7)
XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITION (1)
CHEMICAL ARTICLE(S) (1174)
MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLE(S) (651)
TISSUE CULTURE ARTICLE(S) (58)
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